The term 'Gangnam Style' refers to a district in Seoul, Gangnam, which is seen as upmarket and stylish so many Koreans would aspire to live there or imitate the styles found there. In the case of the song 'oppa' is a word that translates roughly as 'older brother' but may be used in Korea by a younger woman or girl talking to a slightly older man.

The lyrics poke fun at the chic but shallow ways of modern urban consumer culture, especially the 'cafe society' typical of urban elites and now flourishing in cities like Seoul. There is also a suggestion of real feelings hidden under the mask of 'chic', as in the idea of hearts breaking or bursting when night comes. At the same time as mocking this culture the song celebrates its liveliness and energy.
PSY has referred to Gangnam as being similar to Beverly Hills in the US - another place where image and consumerism are all-important.